![]() ![]() ![]() From the first urban civilizations in Mesopotamia, to the Silk Road connecting cities from the Mediterranean to central China, to the Crusades-era city-republics of modern day Italy, to the medieval network of maritime trading cities that formed Northern Europe’s Hanseatic League, cities were the indispensable actors of global trade before the rise of the nation-state. Cities, not nations, were the original global commercial nodes.This report examines how the intersection between metro areas and trade is motivating a new-yet old-approach to economic growth in an age of increasing international exchange and rapid urbanization. ![]() And metro areas are essential to trade-they provide the specialization and market access that facilitates exchange among producers and consumers. Trade is essential to metro areas-it is how they grow their economies. Economic theory, world history, and contemporary experience show that metropolitan areas (i.e., city-regional economies) and trade are inextricably linked. ![]()
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